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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <issn publication-format="print">1683-3414</issn>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">1814-0807</issn>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Владикавказский математический журнал</journal-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>Vladikavkaz Mathematical Journal</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Южный математический институт - филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения науки Федерального научного центра «Владикавказский научный центр Российской академии наук» (ЮМИ ВНЦ РАН)</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Particular Examples of Planar Integral Point Sets and Their Classification</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
        <trans-title>Некоторые примеры плоских целоудаленных множеств и их классификация</trans-title>
      </trans-title-group>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46698/q7071-3025-8385-h</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">18576</article-id>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>28</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>28</fpage>
      <lpage>36</lpage>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://vmj.ru/eng/archive/detail.php?ELEMENT_ID=18606&amp;SECTION_ID=658">https://vmj.ru/eng/archive/detail.php?ELEMENT_ID=18606&amp;SECTION_ID=658</self-uri>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname/>
              <given-names>Авдеев Н. Н.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Avdeev</surname>
              <given-names>N. N.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>nickkolok@mail.ru, avdeev@math.vsu.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Зволинский</surname>
              <given-names>А. Е.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Zvolinskiy</surname>
              <given-names>A. E.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>aezv.global@gmail.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Момот</surname>
              <given-names>Е. А.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Momot</surname>
              <given-names>E. A.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>winter.b258@yandex.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
        <aff xml:lang="ru">Воронежский государственный университет, Россия, 394018, Воронеж, Университетская пл., 1</aff>
        <aff xml:lang="en">Voronezh State University, 1 Universitetskaya Sq., Voronezh 394018, Russia</aff>
      </aff-alternatives>
      <abstract>A planar integral point set (PIPS) is a finite set of non-collinear points in the Euclidean plane such that the Euclidean distance between any pair of points is an integer. These sets are characterized by their cardinality (the finite number of points), diameter (the maximum pairwise distance), and characteristic (the smallest positive integer \(q\) such that all triangular areas are commensurable with \(\sqrt{q}\)). The characteristic remains invariant under translations, dilations, reflections, and even the addition or removal of points. Existing classifications include sets in semi-general position (no three points collinear) and general position (no three collinear and no four concyclic). Circular sets and facher sets (all but one point on a line) are prominent examples, but finding sets of general position is difficult problem. For instance, the~largest known set has seven points, and no eight-point example is currently known. This work introduces new examples to advance the classification, including rails sets (points on two parallel lines) and sets with multiple symmetries. We also present sets with many shared points that cannot be merged. These constructions highlight the potential of sequential extensions and limitations of merging sets, offering insights into the structure and properties of planar integral point sets.</abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">Плоское целоудаленное множество есть конечное множество точек на евклидовой плоскости, не содержащееся ни на какой прямой, такое, что евклидово расстояние между любой парой точек является целым числом. Эти множества характеризуются своей мощностью (конечным числом точек), диаметром (максимальным попарным расстоянием) и характеристикой (наименьшим положительным целым числом \(q\) таким, что площади всех треугольников, образованных точками множества, соизмеримы с \(\sqrt{q}\)). Характеристика инвариантна относительно сдвига, растяжения, отражения, а также добавления или удаления точек. Существующие классификации включают множества в полуобщем положении (никакие три точки не лежат на одной прямой) и в общем положении (никакие три точки не лежат на одной прямой и никакие четыре не лежат на одной окружности). Классическими примерами являются круговые множества и веерные множества (все точки, кроме одной, лежат на одной &#13;
прямой). Однако нахождение множеств общего положения представляет значительные трудности. Например, наибольшее известное множество имеет семь точек, и пока не найдено множество из восьми точек общего положения. В данной работе представлены новые примеры для развития классификации, включая рельсовые множества (точки на двух параллельных прямых), множества с несколькими симметриями и стреловидные конфигурации. Мы также рассматриваем множества с большим количеством общих точек, которые нельзя объединить. Эти конструкции подчеркивают потенциал последовательных растяжений и ограничения на объединение множеств, демонстрируя новые особенности структуры и свойств плоских целоудаленных множеств.</trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <kwd>целоудаленное множество</kwd>
        <kwd>классификация плоских целоудаленных множеств</kwd>
        <kwd>дискретная геометрия</kwd>
        <kwd>комбинаторная геометрия</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>integral point set</kwd>
        <kwd>classification of planar integral point sets</kwd>
        <kwd>discrete geometry</kwd>
        <kwd>combinatorial geometry.</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>This work was carried out at Voronezh State University and supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant no. 19-11-00197.</funding-source>
        </award-group>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
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